Developmental and shock trauma Although not mutually exclusive, since the same person can suffer from both, Levine differentiates between ‘developmental’ trauma and ‘shock’ trauma. Traditionally, the area of developmental trauma has been dealt with by psychoanalytic theory. Freud grappled with the intricacies of developmental trauma, and continually revised his thinking on the subject throughout his … המשך לקרוא What is trauma? Can it be prevented or healed? (Part II)